IELTS · 600 core words

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Британская транскрипция IPA и значение каждого слова по разделам.

Unit 1 · Education & learning

25 слов

training/ˈtreɪnɪŋ/nounThe process of learning the skills for a job or a sport.
qualify/ˈkwɒlɪfaɪ/verbTo pass the exams you need in order to do a job.
motivation/ˌməʊtəˈveɪʃən/nounThe strong wish to do something and to keep working at it.
ability/əˈbɪləti/nounThe power or skill that lets someone do something.
attention/əˈtenʃən/nounThe act of watching or listening to something carefully.
course/kɔːs/nounA set of lessons about one area of study.
degree/dɪˈɡriː/nounA unit for measuring temperature or the size of angles.
education/ˌedʒəˈkeɪʃən/nounThe process of teaching and learning, usually at school.
knowledge/ˈnɒlədʒ/nounThe information and understanding that a person has.
lecture/ˈlektʃə/nounA formal talk that teaches a subject to a large group.
academic/ˌækəˈdemɪk/adjConnected with education, reading and study.
campus/ˈkæmpəs/nounThe land and buildings of a university or college.
grade/ɡreɪd/nounA mark that shows how good a piece of work is.
graduate/ˈɡrædʒueɪt/verbTo finish your studies at a university and get a degree.
pupil/ˈpjuːpəl/nounA child who is being taught at a school.
qualification/ˌkwɒləfəˈkeɪʃən/nounAn exam pass or course that shows your level of skill.
talent/ˈtælənt/nounA natural ability to do something very well.
curriculum/kəˈrɪkjələm/nounAll the subjects that are taught in a school or college.
discipline/ˈdɪsəplən/nounTraining that makes people obey rules and control themselves.
scholarship/ˈskɒləˌʃɪp/nounMoney given to a student so they can pay for their education.
seminar/ˈseməˌnɑː/nounA short class where a small group talks about one subject together.
textbook/ˈtekstˌbʊk/nounA study manual used at school for learning one subject.
challenging/ˈtʃæləndʒɪŋ/adjDifficult in a way that tests your ability, but interesting.
dataset/ˈdeɪtəˌset/nounA collection of related records gathered so a team can study or train on it.
literacy/ˈlɪtərəsi/nounThe skill of being able to read and write.

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Unit 2 · School & exams

25 слов

stress/stres/nounThe worry that a hard situation makes you feel.
application/ˌæpləˈkeɪʃən/nounA formal written request for a job or a place.
assignment/əˈsaɪnmənt/nounA piece of work that a teacher or boss gives you.
attendance/əˈtendəns/nounHow many people come to a meeting, a class or an event.
deadline/ˈdedˌlaɪn/nounThe latest time by which a task must be finished.
standard/ˈstændəd/nounThe level of quality that people expect.
certificate/səˈtɪfɪkət/nounAn official paper that proves a fact about you.
apply/əˈplaɪ/verbTo ask in a formal way for a job or a place.
attend/əˈtend/verbTo go to an event, a class or a meeting.
compete/kəmˈpiːt/verbTo try to win something by doing better than others.
competition/ˌkɒmpəˈtɪʃən/nounAn event in which people try to win by being the best.
essay/ˈeseɪ/nounA short piece of writing by a student about one subject.
fail/feɪl/verbTo not do well enough in a test to succeed.
honest/ˈɒnɪst/adjAlways telling the truth and not taking what is not yours.
cheat/tʃiːt/verbTo act in a dishonest way in order to win or gain.
effort/ˈefət/nounThe hard work that you put into doing something.
entrance/ˈentrəns/nounThe door or gate where you go into a place.
assess/əˈses/verbTo judge the quality or amount of something.
assessment/əˈsesmənt/nounA judgement about how good or large something is.
compulsory/kəmˈpʌlsəri/adjThat must be done because a rule or law says so.
preparation/ˌprepəˈreɪʃən/nounThe act of getting ready for an event or a task.
requirement/rɪˈkwaɪəmənt/nounA thing that you must have or do to reach a standard.
revision/riˈvɪʒən/nounA change made to a text, plan or law so it works better.
reward/rɪˈwɔːd/nounA thing given to someone for good work or help.
mark/mɑːk/verbTo give a score to a piece of school work.

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Unit 3 · Environment & climate

25 слов

conservation/ˌkɒnsəˈveɪʃən/nounProtecting nature and wildlife from being harmed.
cause/kɔːz/verbTo make something happen, usually something bad.
climate/ˈklaɪmət/nounThe usual weather that a place has over many years.
coal/kəʊl/nounA hard black rock that people burn to make heat.
disaster/dɪˈzɑːstə/nounA very bad event that causes a lot of harm.
earth/ɜːθ/nounThe planet that we live on.
effect/ɪˈfekt/nounA change that one thing causes in another.
energy/ˈenədʒi/nounThe power that makes machines work or people active.
environment/ɪnˈvaɪrənmənt/nounThe natural world of land, water and air around us.
atmosphere/ˈætməsfɪə/nounThe feeling that a place or a situation gives you.
damage/ˈdæmədʒ/nounHarm that makes something less good or useful.
flood/flʌd/nounA large amount of water covering land that is usually dry.
fuel/ˈfjuːəl/nounA substance that is burned to give heat or power.
global/ˈɡləʊbəl/adjCovering or affecting the whole world.
impact/ˈɪmpækt/nounThe strong effect that one thing has on another.
carbon/ˈkɑːbən/nounA chemical element found in all living things and in coal.
crisis/ˈkraɪsəs/nounA time of great danger or difficulty.
drought/draʊt/nounA long period with little or no rain.
emission/ɪˈmɪʃən/nounGas or heat that goes out into the air from something.
greenhouse/ˈɡriːnˌhaʊs/nounA glass building where plants are kept warm so they grow well.
habitat/ˈhæbəˌtæt/nounThe natural place where an animal or plant normally lives and grows.
protection/prəˈtekʃən/nounThe act of keeping someone or something safe from harm.
fever/ˈfiːvə/nounA body temperature that is higher than normal.
gas/ɡæs/nounA substance like air that is not solid and not liquid.
natural/ˈnætʃərəl/adjMade by nature and not by people.

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Unit 4 · Pollution & waste

25 слов

factory/ˈfæktəri/nounA building where goods are made in large numbers.
industry/ˈɪndəstri/nounThe making of goods in factories, or one area of business.
tax/tæks/nounMoney that people must pay to the government.
poison/ˈpɔɪzən/nounA substance that can kill you if you swallow it.
policy/ˈpɒləsi/nounA plan of action agreed by a government or company.
treatment/ˈtriːtmənt/nounThe medical care that is given to a sick person.
litter/ˈlɪtə/nounRubbish that people drop on the ground in public places.
control/kənˈtrəʊl/verbTo make a person, animal or machine do what you want.
level/ˈlevəl/nounThe amount or height of something, or a stage of skill.
measure/ˈmeʒə/verbTo find the size or weight of something.
noise/nɔɪz/nounA loud or unpleasant sound.
plastic/ˈplæstɪk/adjMade of a light material that people make in factories.
ban/bæn/verbTo say officially that something is not allowed.
chemical/ˈkeməkəl/nounA substance used in or made by the science of chemistry.
container/kənˈteɪnə/nounA box, bottle or similar object that holds things.
limit/ˈlɪmət/nounThe greatest amount of something that is allowed.
soil/sɔɪl/nounThe top layer of earth in which plants grow.
dump/dʌmp/verbTo drop or leave something somewhere in a careless way.
harm/hɑːm/nounDamage or injury caused to a person or thing.
harmful/ˈhɑːmfəl/adjCausing damage to people, animals or things.
addiction/əˈdɪkʃən/nounBeing unable to stop doing something harmful.
economist/ɪˈkɒnəmɪst/nounA person who studies money, trade and industry as a job.
escalate/ˈeskəˌleɪt/verbTo pass a problem to a higher level of support.
exceed/ɪkˈsiːd/verbTo go beyond a limit or an amount that was set.
fine/faɪn/adjIn good health and with nothing to worry about.

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Unit 5 · Technology & the internet

25 слов

connect/kəˈnekt/verbTo join two things so they work together.
data/ˈdeɪtə/nounFacts or numbers that are collected and studied.
device/dɪˈvaɪs/nounAn object that has been made to do a particular job.
digital/ˈdɪdʒətəl/adjUsing numbers inside a machine to keep information.
network/ˈnetˌwɜːk/nounA group of computers or people that are connected.
platform/ˈplætˌfɔːm/nounThe raised place beside a railway track where you wait.
service/ˈsɜːvəs/nounThe help that a business gives to its customers.
smartphone/ˈsmɑːtˌfəʊn/nounA mobile phone that works like a small computer.
connection/kəˈnekʃən/nounA link between two things, ideas or people.
development/dɪˈveləpmənt/nounThe process of growing or changing into something better.
robot/ˈrəʊbɒt/nounA machine that can do work on its own.
software/ˈsɒftweə/nounThe programs that tell a computer what to do.
storage/ˈstɔːrədʒ/nounThe space a computer or server has for keeping files and data.
update/ʌpˈdeɪt/verbTo make something newer by adding the latest facts.
wireless/ˈwaɪəlɪs/adjWorking without cables, by sending signals through the air.
automatic/ˌɔːtəˈmætɪk/adjWorking by itself, without a person having to act.
hacker/ˈhækə/nounA person who breaks into computer systems without permission.
access/ˈækses/nounThe right or chance to use or enter something.
innovation/ˌɪnəˈveɪʃən/nounA new idea or method that changes the way things are done.
privacy/ˈprɪvəsi/nounThe state of being alone and not watched by others.
activate/ˈæktəˌveɪt/verbTo make a device or a system start working.
algorithm/ˈælɡəˌrɪðəm/nounA fixed set of steps a computer follows to solve one problem.
analyst/ˈænəlɪst/nounA person whose job is examining information carefully.
attachment/əˈtætʃmənt/nounA file that is sent together with an email.
technology/tekˈnɒlədʒi/nounThe use of science to make useful machines and tools.

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Unit 6 · Health & illness

25 слов

disease/dɪˈziːz/nounAn illness of the body or the mind.
drug/drʌɡ/nounA substance used as a medicine to treat illness.
illness/ˈɪlnəs/nounThe state of not being well, or a particular disease.
injury/ˈɪndʒəri/nounHarm done to a person's body in an accident.
physical/ˈfɪzɪkəl/adjConnected with the body rather than the mind.
public/ˈpʌblɪk/adjConnected with, or open to, all the people in a place.
smoking/ˈsməʊkɪŋ/nounThe act of breathing in smoke from cigarettes.
virus/ˈvaɪrəs/nounA tiny living thing that can make people ill.
alcohol/ˈælkəhɒl/nounA drink such as beer or wine that can make you drunk.
clinic/ˈklɪnɪk/nounA small place where people go for medical treatment.
fitness/ˈfɪtnəs/nounThe state of being healthy and strong in the body.
injure/ˈɪndʒə/verbTo hurt someone in an accident or an attack.
mental/ˈmentəl/adjConnected with the mind or happening in the mind.
private/ˈpraɪvət/adjFor one person or group only, not for everyone.
symptom/ˈsɪmptəm/nounA sign in your body that shows you have an illness.
obesity/əʊˈbiːsəti/nounBeing much too heavy in a way that harms your health.
recovery/rɪˈkʌvri/nounGetting well again after illness, or getting better after a loss.
treat/triːt/verbTo behave towards someone in a particular way.
cure/kjʊə/verbTo make an illness go away.
infection/ɪnˈfekʃən/nounAn illness caused by germs entering the body.
insurance/ɪnˈʃʊrəns/nounAn agreement in which you pay a company to protect you.
recover/rɪˈkʌvə/verbTo become well again after an illness or injury.
surgery/ˈsɜːdʒəri/nounMedical treatment in which a doctor cuts open the body.
aids/eɪdz/nounA serious illness that attacks the body's natural defences.
doctor/ˈdɒktə/nounA person whose job is to help sick people get well.

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Unit 7 · Food & nutrition

25 слов

export/ˈekspɔːt/nounGoods that a country sells to another country.
import/ˈɪmpɔːt/nounGoods that are brought in from another country.
safety/ˈseɪfti/nounThe state of being free from danger or harm.
supply/səˈplaɪ/nounAn amount of something that is available to use.
hunger/ˈhʌŋɡə/nounThe feeling or state of needing food, sometimes for a long time.
nutrition/njuːˈtrɪʃən/nounThe food you eat and the way it keeps your body healthy.
protein/ˈprəʊtin/nounA substance in meat, beans and eggs that helps the body grow.
shortage/ˈʃɔːtədʒ/nounA situation in which there is not enough of something people need.
produce/prəˈdjuːs/verbTo make or grow something, often in large amounts.
quality/ˈkwɒləti/nounHow good or bad something is.
recipe/ˈresəpi/nounA set of instructions telling you how to cook a dish.
frozen/ˈfrəʊzən/adjTurned hard and solid by cold; kept very cold.
grain/ɡreɪn/nounThe small hard seed of a plant such as rice or wheat.
label/ˈleɪbəl/nounA piece of paper on something that gives information about it.
package/ˈpækədʒ/nounA thing wrapped in paper and sent by post.
crop/krɒp/nounA plant that farmers grow for food or to sell.
dairy/ˈdeəri/adjMade from milk, or connected with producing milk.
flavour/ˈfleɪvə/nounThe taste that a food or drink has.
organic/ɔːˈɡænɪk/adjGrown without chemical sprays, or coming from living plants and animals.
cleaning/ˈkliːnɪŋ/nounTaking dirt and dust out of a room so it looks fresh for guests.
included/ɪnˈkluːdɪd/adjCounted as part of a price, a group or a total.
snack/snæk/nounA small amount of food eaten between main meals.
waste/weɪst/verbTo use more of something than you need to.
vitamin/ˈvɪtəmɪn/nounA natural substance in food that keeps the body healthy.
wheat/wiːt/nounA grain plant used for making flour and bread.

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Unit 8 · Urbanisation & housing

25 слов

land/lænd/verbTo come down onto the ground from the air.
population/ˌpɒpjəˈleɪʃən/nounAll the people who live in a city or a country.
rent/rent/verbTo pay money so you can use something for a time.
property/ˈprɒpəti/nounA thing or things that someone owns, especially land.
homeless/ˈhəʊmləs/adjHaving nowhere to live, and often sleeping on the street.
migrate/ˈmaɪˌɡreɪt/verbTo move data, users or a whole system from one place to another.
afford/əˈfɔːd/verbTo have enough money to buy or do something.
crowd/kraʊd/nounA large group of people standing close together.
crowded/ˈkraʊdɪd/adjFull of too many people in a small space.
develop/dɪˈveləp/verbTo grow, or to make something bigger and better over time.
modern/ˈmɒdən/adjOf the present time; made in a new style.
growth/ɡrəʊθ/nounThe process of getting bigger or developing.
neighbourhood/ˈneɪbəˌhʊd/nounAn area of a town and the people who live there.
planning/ˈplænɪŋ/nounThe act of deciding in advance what to do.
construction/kənˈstrʌkʃən/nounThe process of building something.
district/ˈdɪstrɪkt/nounAn area of a town or a country.
facility/fəˈsɪlɪti/nounA building or service provided for a particular purpose.
housing/ˈhaʊzɪŋ/nounPlaces such as flats and homes where people live.
infrastructure/ˈɪnfrəˌstrʌktʃə/nounThe basic systems a country needs, such as roads, power and water.
mortgage/ˈmɔːɡədʒ/nounMoney you borrow from a bank to buy a house.
chemist/ˈkemɪst/nounThe British word for a shop that sells medicine.
client/ˈklaɪənt/nounA person who pays a company for a service.
conditioning/kənˈdɪʃənɪŋ/nounThe system that cools and dries the air inside a room or building.
hardware/ˈhɑːˌdweə/nounThe physical parts of a computer, or tools and metal goods for building.
city/ˈsɪti/nounA large town where many people live and work.

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Unit 9 · Transport & commuting

25 слов

electric/ɪˈlektrɪk/adjUsing or making electricity to work.
journey/ˈdʒɜːni/nounA long trip from one place to another far away.
passenger/ˈpæsəndʒə/nounA person who travels in a vehicle but does not drive it.
route/ruːt/nounThe way that you follow to get from one place to another.
transport/ˈtrænspɔːt/nounA system for carrying people from place to place.
underground/ˈʌndəˌɡraʊnd/adjBelow the surface of the earth.
vehicle/ˈviːəkəl/nounA machine with an engine that carries people or goods.
cycle/ˈsaɪkəl/verbTo travel by riding a bicycle.
fare/feə/nounThe money you pay to travel on a bus or train.
arrival/əˈraɪvəl/nounThe act of coming to a place at the end of a journey.
battery/ˈbætəri/nounA thing that stores electric power for a machine.
boarding/ˈbɔːdɪŋ/nounGetting onto a plane, a ship or a train before it leaves.
departure/dɪˈpɑːtʃə/nounThe act of leaving a place to start a journey.
expedition/ˌekspəˈdɪʃən/nounAn organized journey made for a clear purpose.
injured/ˈɪndʒəd/adjHurt in an accident or an attack.
inspect/ɪnˈspekt/verbTo look at something closely to check its quality or safety.
affordable/əˈfɔːdəbəl/adjCheap enough that most people are able to pay.
consumption/kənˈsʌmpʃən/nounThe amount of fuel, food or energy that is used.
deck/dek/nounThe flat floor of a ship where people can walk.
exposure/ɪkˈspəʊʒə/nounBeing open to something harmful, or being seen by the public.
firewall/ˈfaɪəwɑːl/nounA system that blocks unwanted traffic from reaching a private network.
highway/ˈhaɪˌweɪ/nounA wide main road that connects towns and cities.
lane/leɪn/nounA narrow road, or one marked strip of a wide road.
lease/liːs/nounA legal agreement to use a building or car for a fixed time.
airport/ˈeəˌpɔːt/nounThe place where planes take off and land.

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Unit 10 · Work & careers

25 слов

colleague/ˈkɒliːɡ/nounA person that you work with, especially in an office.
employee/ɪmˈplɔɪiː/nounA person who is paid to work for a company or person.
employer/emˈplɔɪə/nounA person or company that pays people to work for them.
income/ˈɪnˌkʌm/nounThe money a person receives regularly from work.
professional/prəˈfeʃənəl/adjDoing something as a paid job rather than for fun.
task/tɑːsk/nounA piece of work that someone must do.
duty/ˈdjuːti/nounSomething you must do because it is right or part of a job.
employment/ɪmˈplɔɪmənt/nounThe state of having paid work.
overtime/ˈəʊvəˌtaɪm/nounExtra hours worked beyond the normal day.
profession/prəˈfeʃən/nounA job that needs special training and education.
promote/prəˈməʊt/verbTo help something grow or become more popular.
responsibility/riˌspɒnsəˈbɪləti/nounA duty to deal with something or to take care of someone.
shift/ʃɪft/nounA period of time that a group of workers works.
staff/stɑːf/nounAll the people who work in one place of business.
satisfaction/ˌsætəˈsfækʃən/nounThe good feeling you get when you have what you wanted.
employ/emˈplɔɪ/verbTo pay someone to work for you.
experience/ɪkˈspɪriəns/nounThe knowledge or skill you get from doing something.
contract/ˈkɒnˌtrækt/nounA written legal agreement between two sides.
labour/ˈleɪbə/nounWork, especially hard work done with the body.
promotion/prəˈməʊʃən/nounA move to a higher position at work.
wage/weɪdʒ/nounMoney that is paid every week for work done.
accountant/əˈkaʊntənt/nounA person whose job is keeping the money records of a business.
applicant/ˈæplɪkənt/nounA person who formally asks to be given a job or place.
assign/əˈsaɪn/verbTo give a job or a task to a particular person.
unemployment/ˌʌnɪmˈplɔɪmənt/nounThe situation in which many people have no jobs.

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Unit 11 · Skills & recruitment

25 слов

opportunity/ˌɒpəˈtjuːnəti/nounA chance to do something that you want to do.
candidate/ˈkændədeɪt/nounA person who is trying to get a job or to be elected.
competitive/kəmˈpetətɪv/adjInvolving people who try hard to be better than others.
resume/rɪˈzjuːm/verbTo start again after a pause or a short break.
technical/ˈteknɪkəl/adjConnected with machines and with how things work.
expertise/ˌekspəˈtiːz/nounSpecial skill or deep knowledge in one area of work.
motivate/ˈməʊtəˌveɪt/verbTo make someone want to work hard and keep trying.
recruitment/rəˈkruːtmənt/nounFinding and hiring new people for a company or an army.
creative/kriˈeɪtɪv/adjGood at thinking of new ideas or making new things.
expert/ˈekspət/nounA person who knows a lot about one subject.
interview/ˈɪntəˌvjuː/nounA meeting where one person asks another questions.
train/treɪn/verbTo practise a sport again and again to get better.
ambition/æmˈbɪʃən/nounSomething that you want very much to do or become.
ambitious/æmˈbɪʃəs/adjDetermined to succeed or to become important.
communication/kəˌmjuːnəˈkeɪʃən/nounThe act of sharing information with other people.
confident/ˈkɒnfədənt/adjSure that you can do things well.
adapt/əˈdæpt/verbTo change so as to suit a new situation.
confidence/ˈkɒnfədəns/nounThe belief that you can do things well.
creativity/ˌkriːeɪˈtɪvəti/nounThe ability to think of new ideas and make new things.
flexible/ˈfleksəbəl/adjAble to change easily to suit new conditions.
leadership/ˈliːdəˌʃɪp/nounThe state of being in charge of a group or country.
teaching/ˈtiːtʃɪŋ/nounThe work of helping other people to learn.
performance/pəˈfɔːməns/nounThe act of playing music or acting for an audience.
practical/ˈpræktəkəl/adjConnected with real situations rather than with ideas.
reference/ˈrefərəns/nounA mention of something in speech or in writing.

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Unit 12 · Media & the press

25 слов

article/ˈɑːtəkəl/nounA piece of writing in a newspaper or magazine.
audience/ˈɔːdiəns/nounAll the people who watch or listen to a show.
channel/ˈtʃænəl/nounOne television station that you can choose to watch.
comment/ˈkɒment/nounSomething you say or write to give an opinion.
evidence/ˈevədəns/nounFacts that show that something is true.
fact/fækt/nounSomething that everyone knows is true.
information/ˌɪnfəˈmeɪʃən/nounFacts that someone tells you or that you read.
journalist/ˈdʒɜːnəlɪst/nounA person who writes news for a newspaper or website.
documentary/ˌdɒkjəˈmentəri/nounA film that gives facts about a real subject.
editor/ˈedətə/nounA person who decides what goes into a newspaper or book.
headline/ˈhedˌlaɪn/nounThe title of a news story, printed in large letters.
influence/ˈɪnfluəns/nounThe power to change how someone thinks or acts.
viewer/ˈvjuːə/nounA person who watches a television programme.
accuracy/ˈækjərəsi/nounHow exactly right something is, with no mistakes.
accurate/ˈækjərət/adjExactly right, with no mistakes in it.
bias/ˈbaɪəs/nounAn unfair liking for one person or group over another.
broadcast/ˈbrɔːdˌkɑːst/verbTo send out a programme on radio or television.
coverage/ˈkʌvərədʒ/nounThe reporting of an event by newspapers or television.
criticism/ˈkrɪtɪˌsɪzəm/nounThe act of saying what is wrong with someone or something.
criticize/ˈkrɪtɪˌsaɪz/verbTo say what is wrong with someone or something.
debate/dəˈbeɪt/nounA formal discussion in which people give opposing views.
inquire/ɪnˈkwaɪə/verbTo ask someone for information about something.
keyboard/ˈkiːˌbɔːd/nounThe set of keys that you press to type on a computer.
presentation/ˌprezənˈteɪʃən/nounA talk in which you show information to a group.
media/ˈmiːdiə/nounNewspapers, television and the internet taken together.

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Unit 13 · Social media & advertising

25 слов

image/ˈɪmədʒ/nounA picture of someone or something, on paper or a screen.
popular/ˈpɒpjʊlə/adjLiked by many people.
profile/ˈprəʊˌfaɪl/nounA short description of a person, often on a website.
social/ˈsəʊʃəl/adjConnected with meeting and spending time with people.
target/ˈtɑːɡət/nounA result that you are trying hard to reach.
user/ˈjuːzə/nounA person who uses a machine, a service or a place.
brand/brænd/nounThe name that a company gives to its products.
campaign/kæmˈpeɪn/nounA planned set of actions to reach a social or political goal.
consumer/kənˈsjuːmə/nounA person who buys goods or services for their own use.
marketing/ˈmɑːkətɪŋ/nounThe work of showing people why they should buy something.
trend/trend/nounThe general direction in which things are changing.
advertisement/ədˈvɜːtɪsmənt/nounA notice that tells people about something for sale.
advertising/ˈædvəˌtaɪzɪŋ/nounThe business of making notices that help sell things.
content/ˈkɒntent/nounThe things that are inside a box, a book or a website.
persuade/pəˈsweɪd/verbTo make someone agree to do something by giving reasons.
logo/ˈləʊɡəʊ/nounA small design that a company uses as its own mark.
slogan/ˈsləʊɡən/nounA short phrase that is easy to remember, used in adverts.
sponsor/ˈspɒnsə/nounA person or company that pays for an event or a team.
alert/əˈlɜːt/nounAn automatic message that warns someone a problem needs attention now.
bandwidth/ˈbændwɪdθ/nounHow much data a connection can carry in a given time.
defect/ˈdiːfekt/nounA fault that makes a product fail to work or look right.
distract/dɪˈstrækt/verbTo pull someone's attention away from what they are doing.
encryption/enˈkrɪpʃən/nounA way of scrambling data so only people with the right key can read it.
ethnic/ˈeθnɪk/adjConnected with a group who share a culture, language or origin.
internet/ˈɪntəˌnet/nounThe system that joins computers all over the world.

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Unit 14 · Travel & holidays

25 слов

budget/ˈbʌdʒɪt/nounA plan that shows how you will use your money.
explore/ɪkˈsplɔː/verbTo travel around a place to find out what is there.
foreign/ˈfɔːrən/adjFrom a country that is not your own.
guide/ɡaɪd/nounA person who shows visitors around a place.
local/ˈləʊkəl/adjFrom the small area that you are in.
luggage/ˈlʌɡədʒ/nounAll the bags that you take with you on a journey.
tour/tʊə/nounA journey in which you visit several places.
tourism/ˈtʊərɪzəm/nounThe business of arranging holidays for visitors.
accommodation/əˌkɒməˈdeɪʃən/nounA place where someone lives or stays for a time.
currency/ˈkʌrənsi/nounThe money that a country uses.
destination/ˌdestəˈneɪʃən/nounThe place that someone is travelling to.
reservation/ˌrezəˈveɪʃən/nounAn arrangement to keep a seat or a room for you.
sightseeing/ˈsaɪtsiːɪŋ/nounVisiting the interesting places of a town or country.
souvenir/ˌsuːvəˈnɪə/nounA small object you buy to remember a place by.
visa/ˈviːzə/nounAn official mark in a passport that lets you enter a country.
booking/ˈbʊkɪŋ/nounAn arrangement for a room or seat to be kept for you.
resort/rɪˈzɔːt/nounA place where many people go on holiday.
attraction/əˈtrækʃən/nounA place that people visit for interest or pleasure.
concierge/ˌkɒnsiˈeəʒ/nounA hotel worker who books tours, taxis and tables for guests.
consult/kənˈsʌlt/verbTo ask a person or a book for advice or information.
cruise/kruːz/nounA holiday spent travelling on a ship and stopping at ports.
modest/ˈmɒdəst/adjNot large or expensive; or not talking proudly about yourself.
occupancy/ˈɒkjəpənsi/nounThe share of rooms in a hotel that have guests staying in them.
occupation/ˌɒkjəˈpeɪʃən/nounYour job, or control of a country by a foreign army.
tourist/ˈtʊərɪst/nounA person who visits a place for pleasure.

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Unit 15 · Culture & tradition

25 слов

community/kəˈmjuːnəti/nounAll the people who live in one area, seen as a group.
society/səˈsaɪəti/nounAll the people who live in a country, seen as a group.
generation/ˌdʒenəˈreɪʃən/nounAll the people who were born at about the same time.
identity/aɪˈdentɪti/nounWho or what a person or a thing is.
immigrant/ˈɪməɡrənt/nounA person who comes to live in another country.
native/ˈneɪtɪv/adjConnected with the place where you were born.
respect/rɪˈspekt/nounA feeling of admiration for someone because of what they do.
value/ˈvæljuː/nounHow much something is worth in money.
craft/krɑːft/nounAn activity in which you make things skilfully by hand.
diverse/daɪˈvɜːs/adjMade up of many different kinds of people or things.
diversity/dɪˈvɜːsɪti/nounMany different types of people or things existing in one group.
ancient/ˈeɪntʃənt/adjBelonging to a time very long ago in history.
behaviour/bɪˈheɪvjə/nounThe way that a person or animal acts.
belief/bɪˈliːf/nounA feeling that something is true or real.
celebrate/ˈseləˌbreɪt/verbTo do something nice because of a special day.
festival/ˈfestəvəl/nounA public event with music, food and dancing.
manner/ˈmænə/nounThe way in which something is done or someone behaves.
celebration/ˌseləˈbreɪʃən/nounAn event at which people mark a happy occasion.
ceremony/ˈserɪməni/nounA formal public event held for a special occasion.
ancestor/ˈænˌsestə/nounA member of your family who lived a long time ago.
integrate/ˈɪntəˌɡreɪt/verbTo combine two or more things so that they work well as one.
minority/maɪˈnɔːrəti/nounThe smaller part of a group of people or things.
monument/ˈmɒnjuːmənt/nounA statue or building put up to remind people of a person or event.
temple/ˈtempəl/nounA building where people pray, especially in Asian or ancient religions.
national/ˈnæʃənəl/adjConnected with a whole country rather than one part.

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Unit 16 · Arts & entertainment

25 слов

artist/ˈɑːtəst/nounA person who makes pictures or other beautiful work.
author/ˈɔːθə/nounA person who writes a book, a story or an article.
band/bænd/nounA small group of people who play music together.
drawing/ˈdrɔːɪŋ/nounA picture made with a pen or a pencil.
gallery/ˈɡæləri/nounA room or building where works of art are shown.
instrument/ˈɪnstrəmənt/nounAn object used for playing music, such as a piano.
museum/mjuːˈziːəm/nounA place where people go to look at old and famous things.
musician/mjuːˈzɪʃən/nounA person who plays music, often as a job.
entertain/ˌentəˈteɪn/verbTo do things that people enjoy watching or hearing.
entertainment/ˌentəˈteɪnmənt/nounFilms, music and shows that people enjoy.
exhibition/ˌeksəˈbɪʃən/nounA public show of art or interesting objects.
literature/ˈlɪtərətʃə/nounNovels, plays and poems that people value as art.
poem/ˈpəʊəm/nounA piece of writing in short lines, often with rhythm.
poet/ˈpəʊət/nounA person who writes poems.
sculpture/ˈskʌlptʃə/nounA work of art made from stone, wood or metal.
critic/ˈkrɪtɪk/nounA person who writes opinions about books, films or art.
imagination/ɪˌmædʒɪˈneɪʃən/nounThe ability to form pictures of new things in your mind.
font/fɒnt/nounA complete set of letters and numbers drawn in one single style.
composer/kəmˈpəʊzə/nounA person who writes music as a job.
ticket/ˈtɪkət/nounA small paper that shows you have paid to travel.
novel/ˈnɒvəl/nounA long written story about people who are not real.
perform/pəˈfɔːm/verbTo sing, act or play music in front of people.
review/rɪˈvjuː/nounA report that gives an opinion about a book or film.
stage/steɪdʒ/nounThe raised floor where singers and actors stand.
maps/mæps/nounMore than one drawing that shows roads and places.

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Unit 17 · Crime & law

25 слов

charge/tʃɑːdʒ/verbTo ask someone to pay a certain amount of money.
fraud/frɔːd/nounThe crime of cheating people in order to get money illegally.
crime/kraɪm/nounAn action that is against the law.
criminal/ˈkrɪmənəl/nounA person who has broken the law.
law/lɔː/nounA rule that a country makes and everybody must follow.
lawyer/ˈlɔːjə/nounA person whose job is to advise people about the law.
officer/ˈɒfɪsə/nounA member of the police or of the army with authority.
prevent/prɪˈvent/verbTo stop something from happening.
prison/ˈprɪzən/nounA building where people are kept as a punishment.
arrest/əˈrest/verbTo take someone to a police station because of a crime.
court/kɔːt/nounThe place where a judge decides legal cases.
guilty/ˈɡɪlti/adjHaving done something wrong or against the law.
illegal/ɪˈliːɡəl/adjNot allowed by the law.
innocent/ˈɪnəsənt/adjNot guilty of a crime; having done nothing wrong.
judge/dʒʌdʒ/nounThe official who decides cases in a court of law.
legal/ˈliːɡəl/adjConnected with the law, or allowed by the law.
murder/ˈmɜːdə/nounThe crime of killing someone on purpose.
jury/ˈdʒʊri/nounA group of people in court who decide if someone is guilty.
justice/ˈdʒʌstəs/nounFair treatment of people under the law.
offence/əˈfens/nounA crime, or an act that breaks the law.
offender/əˈfendə/nounA person who has broken the law.
robbery/ˈrɒbəri/nounThe crime of taking money or goods from people by force.
suspect/səˈspekt/verbTo believe that something is probably true or likely.
theft/θeft/nounThe crime of taking something that belongs to another person.
prevention/priˈvenʃən/nounAction taken so that something bad does not happen.

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Unit 18 · Government & policy

25 слов

government/ˈɡʌvənmənt/nounThe group of people who rule a country.
president/ˈprezɪdənt/nounThe head of a country that has no king or queen.
election/ɪˈlekʃən/nounAn occasion when people vote to choose a leader.
nation/ˈneɪʃən/nounA country with its own government and people.
political/pəˈlɪtəkəl/adjConnected with the government of a country.
politics/ˈpɒlətɪks/nounThe activities connected with governing a country.
protest/ˈprəʊtest/nounA public meeting where people show they disagree.
spending/ˈspendɪŋ/nounThe money that a person or a government pays out.
vote/vəʊt/verbTo choose someone in an election by marking a paper.
benefit/ˈbenəfɪt/nounA good effect that something has on a person or place.
decision/dɪˈsɪʒən/nounA choice that you make after thinking about it.
leader/ˈliːdə/nounA person who is in charge of a group or a country.
power/ˈpaʊə/nounThe ability to control people or events, or energy.
state/steɪt/nounThe condition that someone or something is in.
support/səˈpɔːt/nounHelp or encouragement that you give to someone.
authority/ɔːˈθɒrəti/nounThe power to give orders and make decisions.
citizen/ˈsɪtəzən/nounA person who has the legal right to live in a country.
council/ˈkaʊnsəl/nounA group elected to manage a town or a city.
defence/dɪˈfens/nounThe act of protecting someone or something from attack.
democracy/dɪˈmɒkrəsi/nounA system in which people choose their own government.
elect/ɪˈlekt/verbTo choose someone for a position by voting.
freedom/ˈfriːdəm/nounThe right to do or say what you want.
minister/ˈmɪnəstə/nounA member of a government who leads a department.
parliament/ˈpɑːləmənt/nounThe group of people who make the laws of a country.
official/əˈfɪʃəl/adjAgreed or done by people who are in authority.

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Unit 19 · Economy & money

25 слов

loan/ləʊn/nounMoney that you borrow and must give back later.
economic/ˌekəˈnɒmɪk/adjConnected with trade, industry and the money of a country.
invest/ɪnˈvest/verbTo put money into something in order to make more money.
poverty/ˈpɒvəti/nounThe state of being very poor and having little money.
profit/ˈprɒfət/nounThe money you gain when you sell something for more.
trade/treɪd/nounThe buying and selling of goods, often between countries.
inflation/ɪnˈfleɪʃən/nounA general rise in prices, so the same money buys less.
product/ˈprɒdʌkt/nounA thing that a company makes so people can buy it.
salary/ˈsæləri/nounThe money a person gets every month for a job.
economy/ɪˈkɒnəmi/nounThe system by which a country produces and uses money.
loss/lɒs/nounThe fact of no longer having something you had.
resource/rɪˈzɔːs/nounA supply of something that a country or place can use.
debt/det/nounMoney that you owe to another person or a bank.
demand/dɪˈmɑːnd/verbTo ask for something very firmly.
investment/ɪnˈvestmənt/nounMoney put into a business in order to make a profit.
saving/ˈseɪvɪŋ/nounAn amount of money that you do not have to spend.
wealth/welθ/nounA large amount of money and property that a person owns.
wealthy/ˈwelθi/adjHaving a lot of money and property.
account/əˈkaʊnt/nounAn arrangement that lets a bank keep your money.
airline/ˈeəˌlaɪn/nounA company that carries people and goods by plane.
coin/kɔɪn/nounA small round piece of metal used as money.
credit/ˈkredət/nounA way of buying now and paying the money later.
fee/fiː/nounMoney you pay for a service or to join something.
carrier/ˈkæriə/nounA company that moves goods or passengers from one place to another.
business/ˈbɪznəs/nounThe work of buying and selling things to earn money.

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Unit 20 · Shopping & consumers

25 слов

goods/ɡʊdz/nounThings that are made in order to be sold.
payment/ˈpeɪmənt/nounAn amount of money that someone pays.
refund/ˈriːfʌnd/nounMoney given back to you when you return goods.
warranty/ˈwɔːrənti/nounA written promise to repair a product free within a set time.
choice/tʃɔɪs/nounWhat you pick when there is more than one thing to take.
customer/ˈkʌstəmə/nounA person who buys things from a shop.
deliver/dɪˈlɪvə/verbTo take goods or letters to the person who wants them.
discount/ˈdɪsˌkaʊnt/nounMoney taken off the usual price of something.
exchange/ɪksˈtʃeɪndʒ/verbTo give one thing and get another thing back.
offer/ˈɒfə/verbTo say that you are ready to give or do something.
quantity/ˈkwɒntəti/nounAn amount or number of something.
receipt/rɪˈsiːt/nounA paper that shows you have paid for something.
complaint/kəmˈpleɪnt/nounA statement saying that you are not satisfied.
mall/mɔːl/nounA large covered area with many shops inside.
seller/ˈselə/nounA person or company that offers goods for money.
bargain/ˈbɑːɡən/nounA thing you buy for less than its usual price.
delivery/dɪˈlɪvəri/nounThe act of taking goods or letters to a place.
guarantee/ˌɡærənˈtiː/nounA firm promise that something will be done or will work.
purchase/ˈpɜːtʃəs/nounA thing that you buy, or the act of buying it.
assembly/əˈsembli/nounPutting the parts of a product together, or a large meeting of people.
donate/dəʊˈneɪt/verbTo give money or goods to help people in need.
archive/ˈɑːˌkaɪv/nounA store of old files kept in case someone needs them again later.
array/əˈreɪ/nounA list of values kept in order under one name in code.
compensate/ˈkɒmpənˌseɪt/verbTo give a guest money or a free service after something goes wrong.
online/ˌɒnˈlaɪn/adjJoined to the internet and able to use it.

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Unit 21 · Family & relationships

25 слов

friendship/ˈfrendʃɪp/nounThe relationship between people who like each other.
divorce/dɪˈvɔːs/nounThe legal ending of a marriage between two people.
argue/ˈɑːɡjuː/verbTo speak angrily with someone because you do not agree.
argument/ˈɑːɡjəmənt/nounAngry talk between people who do not agree.
communicate/kəˈmjuːnəˌkeɪt/verbTo share information or feelings with another person.
couple/ˈkʌpəl/nounTwo people or things, or a small number of them.
independent/ˌɪndɪˈpendənt/adjNot controlled or helped by other people or countries.
marry/ˈmæri/verbTo become the husband or wife of someone.
relationship/riˈleɪʃənˌʃɪp/nounThe way that two people or groups are connected.
single/ˈsɪŋɡəl/adjOnly one and no more.
marriage/ˈmærɪdʒ/nounThe legal relationship between two people who marry.
relative/ˈrelətɪv/nounA member of your family, near or distant.
conflict/ˈkɒnflɪkt/nounA serious disagreement between people or groups.
elderly/ˈeldəli/adjOld; a polite word used about older people.
household/ˈhaʊsˌhəʊld/nounAll the people who live together in one house.
caution/ˈkɔːʃən/nounThe care you take so that nothing dangerous or costly happens.
dental/ˈdentəl/adjConnected with teeth and the medical care they need.
host/həʊst/nounA person who invites guests to their home or event.
issue/ˈɪʃuː/nounAn important subject that people discuss or argue about.
living/ˈlɪvɪŋ/nounThe money that you earn to support yourself.
grocery/ˈɡrəʊsəri/nounConnected with a shop that sells food and everyday things for the home.
partnership/ˈpɑːtnəˌʃɪp/nounA business or close relationship in which two sides work together as equals.
relocate/ˌriːləʊˈkeɪt/verbTo move a business or a home to a different place.
syntax/ˈsɪnˌtæks/nounThe rules that decide how words or code must be put together correctly.
trust/trʌst/verbTo believe that someone will not do you harm.

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Unit 22 · Population & society

25 слов

statistics/stəˈtɪstɪks/nounNumbers collected and counted so people can see what is happening.
isolate/ˈaɪsəˌleɪt/verbTo keep a person or thing completely apart from others.
average/ˈævərɪdʒ/adjUsual or ordinary in amount, level or quality.
birth/bɜːθ/nounThe time when a baby comes out of its mother.
death/deθ/nounThe end of the life of a person or animal.
increase/ɪnˈkriːs/verbTo become larger in number, amount or size.
rate/reɪt/nounHow fast something happens, or an amount measured against time.
survey/ˈsɜːveɪ/nounA set of questions asked to many people to learn what they think.
equal/ˈiːkwəl/adjThe same in size, amount or value.
percentage/pəˈsentədʒ/nounAn amount shown as a number out of a hundred.
youth/juːθ/nounThe time of life when a person is young.
decrease/dɪˈkriːs/verbTo become smaller in size, number or amount.
gender/ˈdʒendə/nounWhether a person is male or female, and how society treats that.
immigration/ˌɪməˈɡreɪʃən/nounThe process of people coming into a country in order to live there.
majority/məˈdʒɔːrəti/nounThe largest part of a group of people or things.
proportion/prəˈpɔːʃən/nounA share of a whole, seen next to the total amount.
refugee/ˌrefjuˈdʒiː/nounSomeone forced to leave their own country because of war or danger.
rural/ˈrʊərəl/adjConnected with the countryside rather than the town.
double/ˈdʌbəl/adjTwice as much or as many; made of two equal parts.
team/tiːm/nounA group of people who work together on the same job.
represent/ˌreprɪˈzent/verbTo act or to speak for a person or a group.
retired/rɪˈtaɪəd/adjHaving stopped working because of your age.
unfair/ʌnˈfeə/adjNot treating people in an equal or a right way.
equality/ɪˈkwɒləti/nounA situation where all people have the same rights and chances.
inequality/ˌɪnɪˈkwɒləti/nounA situation where some people have far more money or power than others.

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Unit 23 · Sport & lifestyle

25 слов

active/ˈæktɪv/adjAlways busy doing things, especially moving about.
athlete/ˈæθliːt/nounA person who is very good at a sport, especially running.
coach/kəʊtʃ/nounA person who teaches a team how to play better.
fan/fæn/nounA machine with blades that moves the air to cool you.
goal/ɡəʊl/nounAn aim that you work towards and want to reach.
habit/ˈhæbət/nounA thing that you do often, almost without thinking.
lifestyle/ˈlaɪfˌstaɪl/nounThe way that a person lives, works and spends free time.
match/mætʃ/nounAn organised game between two teams or two players.
balance/ˈbæləns/nounA steady state in which weight is spread evenly.
leisure/ˈleʒə/nounTime when you are free to do what you enjoy.
stadium/ˈsteɪdiəm/nounA large sports ground with rows of seats around it.
supporter/səˈpɔːtə/nounA person who backs a team, a party or an idea.
championship/ˈtʃæmpiənˌʃɪp/nounA competition held to find the best player or team.
defeat/dɪˈfiːt/verbTo beat someone in a game, a fight or a war.
medal/ˈmedəl/nounA flat piece of metal given to a winner or a brave person.
tournament/ˈtʊənəmənt/nounA sports competition where players keep playing until one winner remains.
checkup/ˈtʃeˌkʌp/nounA medical exam done to see whether a person is healthy.
filter/ˈfɪltə/verbTo show only the items that match a rule and hide the rest.
helpdesk/ˈhelpˌdesk/nounThe team or phone line staff call when their computer stops working.
management/ˈmænədʒmənt/nounThe act of running a business, a team or a project.
compile/kəmˈpaɪl/verbTo turn written source code into a form that a machine can actually run.
dominant/ˈdɒmənənt/adjStronger, more important or easier to notice than the rest.
placement/ˈpleɪsmənt/nounA period of work training that a school or college arranges for a student.
premium/ˈpriːmiəm/nounAn amount paid regularly to keep an insurance policy active.
health/helθ/nounHow well or badly your body is working.

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Unit 24 · Linking & argument words

25 слов

advantage/ədˈvɑːntɪdʒ/nounSomething that helps you do better than other people.
although/ˌɔːlˈðəʊ/conjUsed to add a fact that makes the other part surprising.
compare/kəmˈpeə/verbTo look at two things to see how they are different.
difference/ˈdɪfərəns/nounThe way in which two things are not the same.
disagree/dɪsəˈɡriː/verbTo have a different opinion from someone else.
factor/ˈfæktə/nounOne of the things that affects a result or decision.
finally/ˈfaɪnəli/advAfter a long time of waiting, or as the last thing.
firstly/ˈfɜːstli/advUsed to introduce the first point in a list of reasons.
comparison/kəmˈpærɪsən/nounThe act of looking at how two things are alike or different.
conclude/kənˈkluːd/verbTo decide something after thinking about the facts.
conclusion/kənˈkluːʒən/nounThe opinion you reach after thinking about the facts.
consequence/ˈkɒnsəkwəns/nounA result that follows from an action or a decision.
contrast/ˈkɒntræst/nounA clear difference between two things you compare.
despite/dɪˈspaɪt/prepUsed to say something happens even though there is a problem.
disadvantage/ˌdɪsədˈvɑːntɪdʒ/nounA thing that makes a situation less good than it could be.
prove/pruːv/verbTo show with facts that something is true.
furthermore/ˈfɜːðəˌmɔː/advIn addition to what has just been said.
moreover/mɔːˈrəʊvə/advUsed to add another fact that supports what was just said.
overall/ˌəʊvərˈɔːl/advConsidering everything; in general.
beneficial/ˌbenəˈfɪʃəl/adjHaving a good effect on a person or a situation.
deadly/ˈdedli/adjLikely to cause death.
hazard/ˈhæzəd/nounSomething that could hurt people or cause serious damage.
overcome/ˌəʊvəˈkʌm/verbTo deal with a problem successfully and leave it behind you.
relieve/rɪˈliːv/verbTo make pain, worry or a problem feel less strong.
however/ˌhaʊˈevə/advUsed to add an idea that is different from the last one.

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