say/seɪ/verbUse your voice to produce words; the focus is on the words themselves.
tell/tel/verbGive facts or a story to someone; it always needs a person as listener.
speak/spiːk/verbUse a language, or address an audience formally; often about language ability.
talk/tɔːk/verbHave a two-way conversation; both people join in and the tone stays informal.
look/lʊk/verbTurn your eyes on purpose towards something; a short, deliberate action.
watch/wɒtʃ/verbKeep your eyes on something that moves or changes, over a period of time.
see/siː/verbNotice something with your eyes without meaning to; the image just reaches you.
stare/steə/verbFix your eyes on someone for a long time without blinking, often impolitely.
big/bɪɡ/adjOf great size; the everyday informal choice, and it also works for importance.
large/lɑːdʒ/adjBig in size or quantity; sounds more formal and fits measured amounts and…
huge/hjuːdʒ/adjExtremely big; an emotional word speakers use to show they are impressed.
enormous/ɪˈnɔːməs/adjSo big that it surprises you; more formal, and often used about abstract…
make/meɪk/verbProduce or build something that did not exist before, often using your hands.
do/duː/verbCarry out an action or a task; the general verb for activity, not for products.
create/kriˈeɪt/verbBring something original into the world, usually with skill, art or planning.
listen/ˈlɪsən/verbPay attention to a sound on purpose; you choose to do it and concentrate.
hear/hɪə/verbTake in a sound without any effort; it simply reaches your ears.
overhear/ˌəʊvəˈhɪə/verbCatch words that were not meant for you, purely by accident.
borrow/ˈbɒrəʊ/verbTake something from another person for a while and return it later.
lend/lend/verbGive an object to someone for a short time and expect it back.
rent/rent/verbPay money regularly so you can use a house, room or vehicle.
job/dʒɒb/nounOne paid position at one company, with a start date and a salary.
work/wɜːk/nounThe activity or the place where you earn a living; usually uncountable.
career/kəˈrɪə/nounThe long path of jobs a person follows across many years in one field.
occupation/ˌɒkjəˈpeɪʃən/nounThe formal label for what someone does, the word forms and documents ask for.

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Unit 2 · Travel, feelings, speed

23 слова

trip/trɪp/nounA short visit to a place and back, usually with a clear purpose.
travel/ˈtrævəl/verbMove from place to place in general, with no fixed beginning or end.
journey/ˈdʒɜːni/nounOne single act of going somewhere, seen as the time spent moving.
voyage/ˈvɔɪədʒ/nounA long trip across water or through space, often lasting weeks.
small/smɔːl/adjNot large in size or amount; a neutral, factual measurement with no feeling.
little/ˈlɪtəl/adjSmall, but said with warmth or affection; it adds feeling, not measurement.
tiny/ˈtaɪni/adjExtremely small, much smaller than you would expect, almost hard to notice.
slight/slaɪt/adjVery small in degree or amount; used for changes and differences, never objects.
happy/ˈhæpi/adjFeeling good in a general, lasting way; it can describe a whole life.
glad/ɡlæd/adjFeeling good about one specific event or piece of news, not about life.
pleased/pliːzd/adjQuietly satisfied with a result, often because it met your own standard.
delighted/dɪˈlaɪtɪd/adjExtremely happy about one specific thing, and openly showing that joy.
angry/ˈæŋɡri/adjFeeling strong displeasure towards a person or a situation; the neutral base…
annoyed/əˈnɔɪd/adjMildly irritated by a small repeated thing; much weaker than real rage.
furious/ˈfjʊriəs/adjSo angry that self-control almost disappears; the strongest word in this group.
quick/kwɪk/adjTaking very little time to finish; it describes short duration, not high speed.
fast/fɑːst/adjMoving at high speed; it goes with vehicles, runners and anything covering…
rapid/ˈræpəd/adjHappening at a surprisingly high rate; used mostly for change, growth and…
swift/swɪft/adjFast and smooth at the same time; a literary word, common in formal writing.
ask/ɑːsk/verbSay something so that another person gives you an answer; the everyday choice.
inquire/ɪnˈkwaɪə/verbPolitely seek official information, usually from a company, office or desk.
request/rɪˈkwest/verbPolitely and formally state that you want something, often in writing.
demand/dɪˈmɑːnd/verbSay forcefully that you want something, as if you have a right to it.

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Unit 3 · Starting, finishing, judging

24 слова

begin/bɪˈɡɪn/verbDo the first part of an action; slightly more formal and used about processes.
start/stɑːt/verbMake an engine, machine or plan go from stopped into motion; very everyday.
commence/kəˈmens/verbFormally set an official ceremony, court case or procedure into motion.
launch/lɔːntʃ/verbSend a product, campaign or rocket out into the world with public energy.
end/end/verbStop happening or reach the last point; it says nothing about success.
finish/ˈfɪnɪʃ/verbGet to the last part of a task you were doing yourself; everyday tone.
complete/kəmˈpliːt/verbFill in or carry out every required part, leaving nothing missing.
conclude/kənˈkluːd/verbBring a formal speech, deal or argument to a close, often with a summary.
important/ɪmˈpɔːtənt/adjMattering a lot to people or plans; the widest and most everyday choice here.
significant/səɡˈnɪfɪkənt/adjLarge enough to be worth noticing and measuring; common in reports and research.
crucial/ˈkruːʃəl/adjSo necessary that the whole outcome depends on it; used at turning points.
vital/ˈvaɪtəl/adjNeeded for something to stay alive or keep working; strongest in medical…
problem/ˈprɒbləm/nounA situation that causes real difficulty and needs a solution; everyday and…
issue/ˈɪʃuː/nounA topic that people debate in public, especially in politics or the workplace.
trouble/ˈtrʌbəl/nounWorry and mess caused when things go wrong; it stresses how you feel.
difficulty/ˈdɪfəkəlti/nounHow hard a task feels, or one obstacle inside it; formal and often uncountable.
old/əʊld/adjHaving existed for a long time; the plain everyday word for people and things.
ancient/ˈeɪntʃənt/adjBelonging to a civilisation from thousands of years ago, or jokingly very…
elderly/ˈeldəli/adjA polite, gentle way to describe people in the later stage of life.
aged/ˈeɪdʒɪd/adjVery old and formal in tone; also used for cheese or wine left to mature.
clever/ˈklevə/adjQuick at finding neat, practical answers; it praises tricks more than deep…
smart/smɑːt/adjMentally sharp in a modern, informal way; in British use it also means well…
intelligent/ɪnˈtelədʒənt/adjAble to understand complex ideas and reason well; a formal judgement of ability.
wise/waɪz/adjShowing good judgement built up through years of experience, not just quick…

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Unit 4 · Fear, buying, appearance

23 слова

afraid/əˈfreɪd/adjFeeling fear about something that might happen; it only follows a linking verb.
scared/skeəd/adjFrightened right now by something in front of you; casual and very common.
terrified/ˈterəˌfaɪd/adjFilled with extreme fear that stops you moving or thinking; the strongest here.
nervous/ˈnɜːvəs/adjUneasy and tense before something you must face, like a test or a speech.
buy/baɪ/verbGet something by paying for it; the plain everyday verb for shops and markets.
purchase/ˈpɜːtʃəs/verbPay for goods in formal business or legal language, often with a receipt…
afford/əˈfɔːd/verbHave enough money or time for something; it almost always follows a modal verb.
keep/kiːp/verbContinue to have something over time, instead of giving it away or losing it.
hold/həʊld/verbHave something in your hands or arms at this moment, using physical effort.
retain/rɪˈteɪn/verbFormally continue to hold power, records or memory, often against pressure to…
receive/rəˈsiːv/verbHave something arrive for you from someone else; you do nothing to cause it.
obtain/əbˈteɪn/verbGet something after effort or an official procedure; formal, common in…
gain/ɡeɪn/verbSlowly add more of something valuable, such as weight, speed or experience.
tired/ˈtaɪəd/adjNeeding rest because you have used up energy; the ordinary everyday level.
exhausted/ɪɡˈzɔːstɪd/adjCompletely drained, with no energy left at all; far stronger than ordinary…
sleepy/ˈsliːpi/adjReady to close your eyes and drift off, whether or not you did anything hard.
beautiful/ˈbjuːtəfəl/adjDeeply pleasing to look at or listen to; works for people, places and music.
pretty/ˈprɪti/adjNice to look at in a light, delicate way; used for small things and young faces.
gorgeous/ˈɡɔːdʒəs/adjStunningly good-looking; an informal compliment people say with real enthusiasm.
attractive/əˈtræktɪv/adjAppealing enough to draw people in; it also works for offers, prices and ideas.
cheap/tʃiːp/adjLow in price, and often hinting that the quality is poor too.
affordable/əˈfɔːdəbəl/adjPriced within reach of ordinary people; a positive word with no hint of poor…
inexpensive/ˌɪnɪkˈspensɪv/adjCosting little money, said in a careful neutral tone that avoids sounding rude.

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Unit 5 · Price, difficulty, change

28 слов

expensive/ɪkˈspensɪv/adjNeeding a lot of money to buy; the plain neutral word people use every day.
costly/ˈkɒstli/adjExpensive in a way that causes real damage or loss, not only to your wallet.
pricey/ˈpraɪsi/adjA bit too dear for what you get; a relaxed, chatty complaint among friends.
hard/hɑːd/adjNeeding real effort of body or mind; it also means firm and solid to touch.
difficult/ˈdɪfəkəlt/adjNot easy to do or understand because of complexity; slightly more formal than…
tough/tʌf/adjDemanding and rough on you emotionally or physically; informal and slightly…
challenging/ˈtʃæləndʒɪŋ/adjHard in a positive way that tests your skill and feels rewarding afterwards.
easy/ˈiːzi/adjNeeding little effort; it focuses on how small the work feels to you.
simple/ˈsɪmpəl/adjHaving few parts and no complications; it describes structure, not the effort…
straightforward/ˌstreɪtˈfɔːwəd/adjClear and direct, with no hidden traps or extra steps to worry about.
choose/tʃuːz/verbDecide which one you want after weighing the options; the general everyday verb.
select/səˈlekt/verbPick out carefully by strict criteria; common in tests, hiring and computer…
pick/pɪk/verbTake one quickly without much thought; casual, and it also means gather fruit.
show/ʃəʊ/verbLet someone see something directly; the plain everyday verb with no special…
display/dɪˈspleɪ/verbArrange things in a place where the public can view them, or put text on screen.
demonstrate/ˈdemənˌstreɪt/verbShow step by step how something works so others can copy it.
reveal/rɪˈviːl/verbMake known something that was hidden until now, often to surprise people.
change/tʃeɪndʒ/verbMake something become different, or swap one thing for another; the widest word…
alter/ˈɔːltə/verbAdjust the details of something that already exists, keeping its overall shape.
modify/ˈmɒdəˌfaɪ/verbDeliberately adjust a design, rule or machine to make it fit a purpose better.
transform/trænsˈfɔːm/verbChange something so completely that it takes on a new form or character.
hope/həʊp/verbWant something and believe it could realistically happen; it keeps you going.
wish/wɪʃ/verbWant something that is unlikely or already impossible; often tinged with regret.
expect/ɪkˈspekt/verbThink something is very likely to happen and plan around it; no strong emotion.
hurt/hɜːt/verbCause pain to a person, or feel that pain yourself; it covers feelings too.
injure/ˈɪndʒə/verbDamage part of a body in an accident or a match; formal, used in news reports.
wound/wuːnd/verbMake a deep cut in flesh with a weapon; also used for deep emotional pain.
damage/ˈdæmədʒ/verbHarm an object or a reputation so it works or looks less well; not used for…

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Unit 6 · Quiet, helping, thinking

27 слов

quiet/ˈkwaɪət/adjMaking little noise, or having little activity; some sound is still allowed.
silent/ˈsaɪlənt/adjWith absolutely no sound at all; it is an absolute state, not a matter of…
peaceful/ˈpiːsfəl/adjCalm and free from conflict or violence; it describes a mood, not just sound…
rich/rɪtʃ/adjHaving a lot of money, said plainly and directly; it can also mean full of…
wealthy/ˈwelθi/adjOwning large amounts of property and assets over a long time; more polite than…
affluent/ˈæfluənt/adjComfortably prosperous; a formal word usually applied to areas, groups or…
sad/sæd/adjFeeling low because something upsetting happened; the plain everyday word.
unhappy/ənˈhæpi/adjNot satisfied with a situation, often over a long stretch; it can mean…
miserable/ˈmɪzərəbəl/adjDeeply wretched, so that everything around you seems grim; it also describes…
depressed/dɪˈprest/adjIn a lasting low state that may need medical help, not just a bad day.
help/help/verbDo something that makes a task easier for another person; the warm everyday…
assist/əˈsɪst/verbGive practical support in a formal or professional role, usually to someone…
support/səˈpɔːt/verbHold someone up over a long period with money, loyalty or emotional strength.
aid/eɪd/nounOfficial money, food or medicine sent to people in a crisis by governments or…
mistake/mɪˈsteɪk/nounSomething done wrong because you were careless or misunderstood; the everyday…
error/ˈerə/nounA wrong value or step inside a system, measurement or program; technical and…
fault/fɔːlt/nounResponsibility for something bad happening; it points at who is to blame.
flaw/flɔː/nounA weak point built into a design, argument or personality from the beginning.
house/haʊs/nounA building where people live, seen as bricks, rooms and a roof.
home/həʊm/nounThe place where you belong and feel settled; it carries feeling, not just walls.
residence/ˈrezɪdəns/nounThe official or grand place where somebody lives; the word used on legal forms.
answer/ˈɑːnsə/verbSay or write what somebody asked for; it also covers picking up the phone.
reply/rɪˈplaɪ/verbSend words back after a message or letter reaches you; it needs something to…
respond/rɪˈspɒnd/verbReact formally to a situation, appeal or treatment, in words or in action.
think/θɪŋk/verbUse your mind to form an opinion; the everyday word, and it softens what…
believe/bɪˈliːv/verbAccept that something is true even without proof; it is stronger than a casual…
consider/kənˈsɪdə/verbThink carefully about all sides before deciding; it implies weighing and taking…

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